Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas resulting from the decay of uranium in soil and rock. Invisible, odorless, and tasteless, it can accumulate in homes, posing significant health risks. In Alberta, Canada, awareness of radon has grown due to its prevalence and associated health concerns.
What is Radon?
Radon forms during the breakdown of uranium, a common element in the Earth’s crust. As it decays, radon releases radioactive particles that, when inhaled, can damage lung tissue. This damage increases the risk of lung cancer over time. Radon typically enters homes through openings where the building contacts the ground, such as cracks in foundations, construction joints, and gaps around service pipes.
Health Risks Associated with Radon
Prolonged exposure to elevated radon levels is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers and the second leading cause overall, following smoking. Health Canada estimates that radon exposure is responsible for approximately 3,200 lung cancer deaths annually in the country. The risk is particularly high for individuals who smoke and are also exposed to high radon levels.
Radon in Alberta Homes
Radon concentrations can vary significantly between homes, even those in the same neighborhood. In Alberta, studies have shown that about 7% of homes have radon levels exceeding the Canadian guideline of 200 becquerels per cubic meter (Bq/m³). However, certain regions have reported higher percentages, with some areas finding over 53% of homes above the guideline level. This variability underscores the importance of testing individual homes to determine radon levels.
Why Radon is a Growing Concern in Alberta
Several factors contribute to the increasing concern about radon in Alberta:
1. Increased Awareness and Testing: Public health campaigns and research initiatives have raised awareness about radon, leading to more widespread testing and identification of homes with elevated levels.
2. Building Practices: Modern construction techniques and energy-efficient designs can inadvertently trap radon inside homes, leading to higher indoor concentrations.
3. Geological Factors: Alberta’s geological composition includes uranium-rich soils, which can lead to higher radon emissions.
4. Climate Considerations: Alberta’s cold climate means homes are often sealed tightly during winter months, reducing ventilation and allowing radon to accumulate indoors.
Testing and Mitigation
The only way to know if a home has elevated radon levels is through testing. Health Canada recommends long-term testing, ideally over a minimum of three months during the fall or winter, to obtain an accurate assessment. Do-it-yourself test kits are available online and at hardware stores, or homeowners can hire certified professionals to conduct the testing.
If elevated radon levels are detected, mitigation measures can effectively reduce concentrations. The most common method is sub-slab depressurization, which involves installing a pipe and fan system to draw radon from beneath the house and vent it outside. Sealing cracks and openings in the foundation can also help reduce radon entry. Health Canada recommends hiring a mitigation professional certified under the Canadian National Radon Proficiency Program (C-NRPP) to ensure proper installation.
Government Initiatives and Recommendations
The Canadian government has established a radon guideline of 200 Bq/m³ and recommends taking corrective action if levels exceed this threshold. In Alberta, the Radon Awareness and Testing Act mandates the development of educational materials to inform the public about radon risks and encourages homeowners to test and mitigate as necessary.
Conclusion
Radon poses a significant health risk, particularly in regions like Alberta where certain factors can lead to higher indoor concentrations. Awareness, testing, and mitigation are crucial steps in reducing exposure and preventing radon-induced lung cancer. Homeowners are encouraged to test their homes and take appropriate action if elevated radon levels are found.
